Infection related to surgical center staff apparel: an integrative review
Keywords:
Clothing. Infection. Operating rooms.Abstract
Objective: To review the scientific evidences on microorganism transmission related to the clothing used by staff in operating rooms. Method: An integrative review of articles published between 2002 and 2012 in LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCOPUS and SciELO databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the scientific evidence level of the Oxford Center for Evidence Based. Results: The sample consisted of 13 articles that were classified as follows: six as 2B, one as 2C, and six as 5D. The results show that fabrics with very large pore sizes compromise protection and, therefore, should be avoided. The use of impermeable surgical gowns, which are effective when wet, is recommended. Body-exhaust suits were tested, but studies suggest that their efficiency cannot be proven. Conclusion: Although few studies have tested the ability of aprons in reducing infection, the choice for this apparel should be based on the type of surgery, according to the level of protection required.References
Erdmann AL, Lentz RA. Conhecimentos e práticas de cuidados mais livres de riscos de infecções hospitalares e o processo de aprendizagem contínua no trabalho em saúde. Texto Contexto – Enferm. 2004;13(esp):34-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072004000500004.
Fontana RT. As infecções hospitalares e a evolução hisórica das infecções. Rev Bras Enferm. 2006;59(5):703-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672006000500021. PMid:17340720.
Oliveira R, Maruyama S. Controle de infecção hospitalar histórico e papel do estado. Rev Eletr Enf. 2008;10(3):775-83.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 196, de 24 de junho de 1983. Prevenção e Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. Manual de controle de infecção hospitalar. Brasília: Centro de Documentação; 1985. p. 101-5.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 2616, de 12 de maio de 1998. Regulamenta as ações de controle de infecção hospitalar no país. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil; Brasília; 15 maio 1998. Seção I.
Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária – ANVISA. Critérios nacionais de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde: sítio cirúrgico. Brasília: ANVISA; 2009 [acesso em 2013 Abr 25]. Disponível em: http://www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br/htm/ih/pdf/manual_sitio_ciirurgico.pdf.
Piccoli M, Matos FGO. Diagnóstico de enfermagem de risco para infecção transoperatória fundamentado em Levine. Rev SOBECC. 2004;9(3):25-30.
Batista TF, Rodrigues MCS. Vigilância de infecção de sítio cirúrgico pós-alta hospitalar em hospital de ensino do Distrito Federal, Brasil: estudo descritivo retrospectivo no período 2005- 2010. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2012;21(2):253-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742012000200008.
Organização Mundial da Saúde – OMS. Segundo desafio global para a segurança do paciente: Manual – cirurgias seguras salvam vidas (orientações para cirurgia segura da OMS). Rio de Janeiro: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária; 2009. 211 p.
Cataneo C, Silveira CA, Simpionato E, Camargo FC, Queiroz FA, Cagnin MC. O preparo da equipe cirúrgica: aspecto relevante no controle da contaminação ambiental. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2004;12(2):283-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692004000200021. PMid:15303236.
Brasil. Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Norma Regulamentadora NR-32. Segurança e saúde no trabalho em serviços de saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2005.
Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do Rio Grande do Sul – COREN-RS. Decisão COREN-RS nº 061, de 02 de maio de 2006. Dispõe aos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a restrição do uso dos uniformes. Porto Alegre: COREN-RS; 2006.
Cardoso RS, Silva MA. A percepção dos enfermeiros acerca da comissão de infecção hospitalar: desafios e perspectivas. Texto Contexto – Enferm. 2004;13(esp):50-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072004000500005.
Azambuja EP, Pires DP, Vaz MRC. Prevenção e controle da infecção hospitalar: as interfaces com o processo de formação do trabalhador. Texto Contexto – Enferm. 2004;13(esp):79-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072004000500009.
Moura MEB, Ramos MN, Sousa CMM, Silva AO, Alves MSCF. Infecção hospitalar no olhar de enfermeiros portugueses: representações sociais. Texto Contexto – Enferm. 2008;17(4):743-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400016.
Cooper HM. The integrative research review: a systematic approach. Newbury Park: Sage; 1989.
Mendes KDS, Silveira RCCP, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto Contexto – Enferm. 2008;17(4):758-64.
Souza MT, Silva MD, Carvalho R. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein. 2010;8(1):102-6.
Crossetti MG. Revisão integrativa de pesquisa na enfermagem o rigor científico que lhe é exigido [editorial]. Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2012;33(2):8-13. PMid:23155575.
Phillips B, Ball C, Sackett D, Badenoch D, Straus S, Haynes B, et al. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence (March 2009) [Internet]. 2009 [acesso em 2013 Jun 20]. Disponível em: http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025.
Lankester BJA, Bartlett GE, Garneti N, Blom AW, Bowker KE, Bannister GC. Direct measurement of bacterial penetration through surgical gowns: a new method. J Hosp Infect. 2002;50(4):281-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2001.1154. PMid:12014901.
Pasquarella C, Pitzurra O, Herren T, Poletti L, Savino A. Lack of influence of body exhaust gowns on aerobic bacterial surface counts in a mixed-ventilation operating theatre. A study of 62 hip arthroplasties. J Hosp Infect. 2003;54(1):2-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(03)00077-X. PMid:12767840.
Der Tavitian J, Ong SM, Taub NA, Taylor GJS. Body-exhaust suit versus occlusive clothing. A randomised, prospective trial using air and wound bacterial counts. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(4):490-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301- 620X.85B4.13363. PMid:12793550.
Tammelin A, Ljungqvist B, Reinmüller B. Comparison of three distinct surgical clothing systems for protection from airborne bacteria: A prospective observational study. Patient Saf Surg. 2012;6(1):23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-9493-6-23. PMid:23068884.
Sandiford NA, Skinner J. The prevention of infection in total hip arthroplasty. Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(1):8-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2009.01.014.
Eisen DB. Surgeon’s garb and infection control: what’s the evidence? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(5):960.e1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.037. PMid:20850894.
Knobben BA, van der Mei HC, van Horn JR, Busscher HJ. Transfer of bacteria between biomaterials surfaces in the operating room— an experimental study. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007;80(4):790-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30978. PMid:17058211.
Nordstrom JM, Reynolds KA, Gerba CP. Comparison of bacteria on new, disposable, laundered, and unlaundered hospital scrubs. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40(6):539-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.07.015. PMid:22177668.
Woodhead K, Taylor EW, Bannister G, Chesworth T, Hoffman P, Humphreys H. Behaviours and rituals in the operating theatre. A report from the Hospital Infection Society Working Party on Infection Control in Operating Theatres. J Hosp Infect. 2002;51(4):241-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2002.1220.PMid:12183138.
Andersen BM, Solheim N. Occlusive scrub suits in operating theaters during cataract surgery: effect on airborne contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(4):218-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502040. PMid:12002238.
Laing RM. Protection provided by clothing and textiles against potential hazards in the operating theatre. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2008;14(1):107-15. PMid:18394331.
Overcash M. A comparison of reusable and disposable perioperative textiles: sustainability state-of-the-art 2012. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(5):1055-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e31824d9cc3. PMid:22492184.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
By publishing in Revista SOBECC, authors retain the copyright of their article and agree to license their work using a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International Public License, thus accepting the terms of this license. The CC BY 4.0 license allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and create from the published article, even for commercial purposes, provided they give due credit to the creators of the work (authors of the article).
The authors grant to Revista SOBECC the right of first publication, to identify itself as the original publisher, and grant to the journal a non-exclusive license to use the work in the following ways: (1) to sell and/or distribute the article in hard copies and/or in electronic format; (2) to distribute parts and/or the entire article in order to promote the journal through the internet and other digital and printed media; (3) to record and reproduce the article in any format, including digital media.
With this license, authors can enter into separate contracts for non-exclusive distribution of the article (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgement of authorship and initial publication in Revista SOBECC. Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online after publication in the Revista SOBECC, as this can increase the article's visibility and impact.
In line with the journal's policies, each published article will be assigned a CC BY 4.0 license, which will be visible on the abstract page and in the PDF of each article with the respective link to the license terms.
